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Edit: bindings-return-values.html
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Multiple return values: Cairo: A Vector Graphics Library</title> <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1"> <link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Cairo: A Vector Graphics Library"> <link rel="up" href="language-bindings.html" title="Appendix A. Creating a language binding for cairo"> <link rel="prev" href="bindings-memory.html" title="Memory management"> <link rel="next" href="bindings-overloading.html" title="Overloading and optional arguments"> <meta name="generator" content="GTK-Doc V1.25 (XML mode)"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" type="text/css"> </head> <body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"> <table class="navigation" id="top" width="100%" summary="Navigation header" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5"><tr valign="middle"> <td width="100%" align="left" class="shortcuts"></td> <td><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><img src="home.png" width="16" height="16" border="0" alt="Home"></a></td> <td><a accesskey="u" href="language-bindings.html"><img src="up.png" width="16" height="16" border="0" alt="Up"></a></td> <td><a accesskey="p" href="bindings-memory.html"><img src="left.png" width="16" height="16" border="0" alt="Prev"></a></td> <td><a accesskey="n" href="bindings-overloading.html"><img src="right.png" width="16" height="16" border="0" alt="Next"></a></td> </tr></table> <div class="sect1"> <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"> <a name="bindings-return-values"></a>Multiple return values</h2></div></div></div> <p> There are a number of functions in the cairo API that have multiple <em class="firstterm">out parameters</em> or <em class="firstterm">in-out parameters</em>. In some languages these can be translated into multiple return values. In Python, what is: </p> <pre class="programlisting"> cairo_user_to_device (cr, &x, &y);</pre> <p> can by mapped to: </p> <pre class="programlisting"> (x, y) = cr.user_to_device (cr, x, y);</pre> <p> but many languages don't have provisions for multiple return values, so it is necessary to introduce auxiliary types. Most of the functions that require the auxiliary types require a type that would, in C, look like </p> <pre class="programlisting"> typedef struct _cairo_point cairo_point_t; struct _cairo_point { double x; double y; }</pre> <p> The same type should be used both for functions that use a pair of coordinates as an absolute position, and functions that use a pair of coordinates as a displacement. While an argument could be made that having a separate “distance” type is more correct, it is more likely just to confuse users. </p> <pre class="programlisting"> void cairo_user_to_device (cairo_t *cr, double *x, double *y); void cairo_user_to_device_distance (cairo_t *cr, double *dx, double *dy); void cairo_device_to_user (cairo_t *cr, double *x, double *y); void cairo_device_to_user_distance (cairo_t *cr, double *dx, double *dy); void cairo_matrix_transform_distance (cairo_matrix_t *matrix, double *dx, double *dy); void cairo_matrix_transform_point (cairo_matrix_t *matrix, double *x, double *y); void cairo_get_current_point (cairo_t *cr, double *x, double *y); </pre> <p> There are also a couple of functions that return four values representing a rectangle. These should be mapped to a “rectangle” type that looks like: </p> <pre class="programlisting"> typedef struct _cairo_rectangle cairo_rectangle_t; struct _cairo_rectangle { double x; double y; double width; double height; }</pre> <p> The C function returns the rectangle as a set of two points to facilitate rounding to integral extents, but this isn't worth adding a “box” type to go along with the more obvious “rectangle” representation. </p> <p class="remark"><em><span class="remark"> Q: Would it make sense here to define a standard <code class="function">cairo_rectangle_round()</code> method that language bindings should map? </span></em></p> <pre class="programlisting"> void cairo_stroke_extents (cairo_t *cr, double *x1, double *y1, double *x2, double *y2); void cairo_fill_extents (cairo_t *cr, double *x1, double *y1, double *x2, double *y2); </pre> </div> <div class="footer"> <hr>Generated by GTK-Doc V1.25</div> </body> </html>
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